Sunday, October 31, 2021

The Skeleton of Tall Tales

 

Skeletons often found in gothic horror, fiction, and Halloween displays, are seldom given credit for their warmer selves past and present. Having shed most worldly pride-enhancing accouterments, they are prone to seek hugs to boost their self-esteem. Touch is a powerful language that can convey feelings of safety, love, and connection to a greater community, the need for which is apparently not lost upon those shedding mortal flesh and blood as skeletons are wont to do. 

One such skeleton is known in Jericho, Vermont as Jonesy, Jonesy Bones to be more precise. Jonesy is tall as skeletons go, standing nearly eleven feet tall and weighing in at about forty pounds without shoes or clothing. Now Jonesy not only carries low self-esteem, but he also feels multitudinous emotions and passions. It should be of no surprise that his often open arms are not a desire to frighten, but a desire to hug others. With his grandiose size comes an outsized funny bone as well, one which Jonesy frequently whorls out into wildness. His storytelling during Halloween week is often accompanied by grinding teeth, those of his audience, and rattling bones, his being only loosely attached. 

Upon approaching Jonesy, one encounters a genuine outburst of laughter from his sheer joy of encountering inquisitive short people. Soon you are drawn into secrecy as Jonesy precedes to tell stories from his library of Skeleton Tall Tales for the many diminutive folks who wander about on the eve of Halloween. No tale is spoken twice, each telling unique to his current confidant.  

As I recall, this is the tale that Jonesy relayed to me one rainy Halloween night. 

On a dark dark moonless Jericho night, 
there was a dark dark road.

On this dark road, 
there were jack-o-lanterns
, cousins of mine in fact. 


Now on this cold wet dark night, 
there was a howling wind
 not unlike that of my other cousins the wolves and coyotes. 
Sometimes this wind would blow so hard
 that it rattled the chains hanging from barn doors 
to keep goblins and ghosts (yup more cousins of mine)
 from entering and spooking the horses inside.

 In spite of the dark cold wet night with the wind blowing and howling,
 along came a boy determined to acquire his fill of Halloween candy. He decided Bolger hill looked deserted enough to still hold large caches of candy. 

The boy tore up the hill eager to reach the first house
 bravely going it alone up the hill on the dark, dark road
 when out of the stream-laden ravine a skeleton hand walked its way (on fingers) as quick as a chipmunk.

 The boy raced further up the hill but the spiny fingers and hands
 raced after him. Running out of breath and heart racing, the boy stopped and looked back only to see the hand trembling on the road a few feet away. 


The boy was terrified, but curious as well and brave to boot. And so he looked down and asked the bony appendage “Why are you following me?” 
A voice called out “I fell down over the embankment and can’t find all my pieces.” 

The boy looked about. He stepped to the edge of the woods and looked down the embankment. Something or something began running over the leaves and small branches and splashing in the stream. 

The boy looked back at the hand which had not moved and was still trembling in the middle of the road. Again the voice called out from the dark ravine, “I fell down and broke apart, where are all my bones?”

Just then first a few dozen of bones scrambled up and onto the road kicking up gravel as they danced wildly around the boy. First came the other hand, then two arms, followed by two legs, and soon a whole array of chattering bones stood alongside the boy like lost dogs. 

Fortunately, the boy knew a bit of wizardry and spoke out in full force
 “Lost and found, found and lost, come together, from stapes to femur, one hand deserves another, be together again my dear skeleton friend."

 And with that, the bones joined up though at first a few incorrect connections occurred; after a brief attempt at snapping in place, they all found their appropriate lock-in-place positions. 

The now fully formed skeleton standing much taller than the boy, grinned and looked down at its own hands holding each other in a warm embrace, then spread both arms wide offering to embrace the boy in thanks. 

The boy showed no fear, though he stepped back maintaining six feet to be safe. The skeleton was nonetheless delighted first to be back together again, and second to have met a real live flesh and blood boy, and a courageous one at that. 

“Now you have given me a hand, and a whole lot of other bones as well, what can I do for you in return?”, asked the bones of Bolger hill. 

The boy paused to think. “I would like you to help me acquire a handful of candy from every house with a lighted jack-o-lantern,” said the boy, for he knew only houses with glowing jack-o-lanterns would give out candy on Halloween night. 

"Agreed" responded the skeleton, but looking up the hill he could see that all his cousin jack-o-lanterns were dark as the wind had blown out the fire in their eyes and grinning faces. 

Soon the boy and the skeleton reached the first dark dark house on the dark dark road in dark dark Jericho. “I have a candle you see,” said the boy, “but I am not allowed to use matches. You can light the jack-o-lanterns without concern of burning your fingers, can you not?” The skeleton laughed with glee, “For sure you are a smart young boy, that I can do for you safely indeed” he replied. And so they continued their journey up Bolger hill alighting the road anew and finding each house full of piles and piles of candy. 

After visiting nearly every house on the now-glowing Bolger hill and filling his small bag with candy the boy set upon heading home. Walking slowly down the hill with the bag of candy in one hand, he found his other hand reaching out and up to his skeleton friend. 

As they reached the end of the road, the skeleton sadly proclaimed he could go no further, but must remain behind with his cousins the jack-o-lanterns, the coyotes and wolves, and the goblins and ghosts, who all were now gathered immediately behind the skeleton. 

The boy looked upon the creepiest Halloween characters that he had ever met and smiled with a newfound respect for the whole family of creepy-crawly howling flying bunch, and he laughed when a witch flew in too fast on a broom, smashing face-first - splat - into a tree. 

Solemnly the skeleton spoke one last time to the boy. “I want you to promise me something.” The boy looked up at the skeleton who seemed to have put on some weight since they began collecting candy. “And what might that be?" the boy asked.” 

“Promise me”, the skeleton said with sincerity. “Promise me that you will always give a helping hand to anyone you come across in need of a hand. Will you do that for me?” 

The boy thought for a moment then replied, “I think that good things come from helping others in need no matter how broken they may be.” 

The skeleton clapped his hands and smiled with glee, while all his cousins shouted out cheers and shouts. Then the skeleton fell to pieces upon the ground and each bone rambled up the hill careful not to get too close to the road edge along the ravine. Just before they were out of sight the boy watched the skeleton hands lite a jack-o-lantern and then both skeleton hands waved goodbye. 

The boy did just as he had promised, whenever he found someone in need of a hand, he did what he could to help them be whole again.

Happy Hallowen,

Bernie Paquette

For a really scary story read "No Trespassing. We are tired of hiding the bodies @https://jerichovermont.blogspot.com/2022/10/no-trespassing-were-tired-of-hiding.html

Thursday, October 21, 2021

Bee-munity

Bee-munity where people and nature thrive. 


Vermont is home to about 275 bee species. How can we bee wise about helping our native bees including bumblebees? We can convert or restore the land to native plant communities that used to be there to create habitats where nature and people thrive. 


And we can learn more about our native bee community. 


Below are excerpts and notes from  “The Bombus Among Us - Bumble Bee Basics” by Heather Holm, biologist, pollinator conservationist, and award-winning author. 


Ninety percent of North American native bees are solitary (live alone). Ten percent are social (live in colonies). Bumblebee colonies may produce from 200 to 800 bumblebees in a season vs honeybee hive that might have ten to fifty-thousand honey bees. Native bees nest in the ground or in cavities. 


Note that the Western Honeybee is an introduced domesticated species to North America from Europe. 


Only female (native) bees collect and transport pollen. Some collect on hairs at the bottom of the abdomen. Others collect on hairs on the hind leg and on hairs on the side of the thorax or abdomen. Some ingest pollen internally. Bumblebees have a pollen basket (Queen and female workers) on the flared bristled hind leg. Pollen that sticks to hairs on the body is moved to the pollen basket. Cuckoo bees do not collect pollen. 


Bumblebees are significant, efficient, and effective pollinators of many agricultural crops. They have the ability to buzz pollinate flowers which are required by some agricultural crops. Honeybees do not have this capability. Bumblebees move more pollen than honey bees and pollinate apples better than honeybees due to a larger contact with the pollen on the flower. 


Bumblebees forage even in cool temperatures. They demonstrate floral constancy foraging from one flower to the next of the same species, getting the right kind of pollen to the next flower visited. They have long tongues, size, and strength to extract nectar from complex flower systems. 


Bees get protein and lipids from pollen; and carbohydrates, and free amino acids from nectar.


Another reason native plants are important to our native bees is that about 25% of solitary bees (other than BBs) in the eastern US are pollen-collecting specialists, collecting pollen from a few or a single plant family or genus. 


Early flowering nectar and pollen-producing species are critical in the early spring for bumblebee queens. The queen needs the nectar to build up energy to lay eggs, and pollen to store on a pollen ball for the next generation. 


Some flowering plants are nectar-less but offer pollen. Pollen may all be extracted in the morning hours.


Bumblebee queens establish nests where there is some insulation like in a rotting log, under leaf litter, abandoned rodent holes, holes in retaining walls, or an old mouse nest. 


Bumble Bee Queens create the first (of one or two) generation, all-female workers who help collect nectar and pollen and regurgitate nectar into wax pots for storage. The nectar pots may later be filled with pollen with eggs laid on top. 


About mid-summer, a generation of males come out. They do not return to the nest and live for about two to three weeks. They have large eyes to help watch for a new queen to mate with. The male bumblebees tend to like different species of flowers than the females and the males consume just nectar. 


The last generation is new queens, the only ones that will survive and hibernate over winter. Native plants such as goldenrods provide nectar with high concentrations of amino acids for the new queens to store fat stores to survive the winter. 



Bumble Bee bodies include the head, thorax, and abdomen. Males lack pollen collecting structures; they have skinny hind legs. Bumble Bees have three simple eyes on top of the head to detect sunlight and orient the location of the nest, and two eyes on each side of the head. 


Some identification patterns to note are the color of the hairs on the face, the back of the head, and on each of the six or seven segments of the abdomen, dark or light-colored wings, distinct or an indistinct black spot on the thorax. 


Most of our US native bumblebees are in decline, some are endangered such as the rusty patched bumblebee. Habitat loss and the insufficient number of flowering native plants are some of the reasons for the decline. Climate change, fragmented habitat, competition from introduced non-native bees, flowerless landscapes are contributing to nutritional stress. Also, plants are not producing historical levels of nutrition quality. 


Other factors affecting bumblebee populations are pest and pathogen transmission, insecticides, other pesticides, and nest disturbance. 


Habitat disturbance, loss, and fragmentation are areas individuals can solve. We need to think differently about what we plant in commercial and residential landscapes and how we manage those landscapes. 


TO HELP native bees including Bumble Bees; We need to provide native plants, including a diversity of flowering plants, flower colors, and flower forms, and a continuous overlapping succession of flowering plants throughout the growing season. This includes pollen and nectar-producing trees, shrubs, and perennials. 


We need to eliminate pesticide use. 


In managing landscapes, in order to create and protect Bumble Bee nesting habitat, allow for areas of leaf litter, plant debris, logs lying on the ground, and rodent holes. 


Lastly, we can advocate for the preservation and restoration of native plant communities. 


Citizen scientist opportunities: 

iNaturalist (www.iNatuarlist.org)

Bumble Bee Watch (www.BumbleBeeWatch.org)


My Thanks to Heather Holm and her presentation “The Bombus Among Us - Bumble Bee Basics”.  The entire presentation (videorecording) by Heather can be viewed here.


Discovering the life of bees is part of my late-life revelations. Connecting nature with community.

Bernie 

PS yes I petted a bumblebee. Read about it here. 


Check out the PBS Video “ My Garden of A Thousand Bees” filmed in Bristol, England. If you thought bees behave only by instinct think again. The filming is incredible. See bees like you never have before - an up-close and intimate look at their behaviors and everyday lives. https://www.pbs.org/video/my-garden-of-a-thousand-bees-trjhzt/



Thursday, October 14, 2021

Bugs in the Woods

                                 

Guest post published here with permission from the author.


Bugs in the Woods

By Ethan Tapper 

Forests are complex, intricate, and nuanced, and also massive, expansive, and interconnected. To be responsible forest stewards we need to both zoom out to understand our role in a giant landscape and zoom in to recognize the tiny pieces and parts that make forests work. We must (somehow) hold both of these realities in focus as we take care of our forests. 

This month I want to zoom-in, to talk about invertebrates. Simply put, invertebrates are organisms without spines, an incredibly diverse group of critters that includes everything from insects to sea sponges, squids, slugs, and worms. What most people call “bugs,” are arthropods, a sub-group of invertebrates that includes insects, spiders, and even lobsters.

Invertebrates are an incredibly adaptive and resilient bunch, having been around since before the dinosaurs. In terms of sheer abundance and diversity, they stand alone: of the approximately 2 million known species on Earth, about 97% are invertebrates (900,000 species are just insects), with somewhere between 8 million and 30 million species still undiscovered. Besides accounting for a huge proportion of our biodiversity, the sheer amount of bugs on Earth is startling: there are around 200 million insects for every human on the planet, about 300 pounds of insects for every pound of human. To put us in perspective, the combined mass of all the humans on Earth is about equal to that of all the ants, or the mass that all the spiders on Earth eat in one year.  

In Vermont, there are more than 20,000 known species of invertebrates, compared to 58 species of mammals. These invertebrates support our ecosystems in countless ways, mostly unseen. They are what biologist E.O. Wilson calls “the little things that run the world,” subtly working behind the scenes to make our world work. 

                                 Giant Ichneumen. Photo by Gary Sturgis
                                         

Invertebrates are the base of the forest food web, directly and indirectly feeding larger wildlife. Moth and butterfly caterpillars, for example, are critical sources of protein that songbirds rely on to feed their young in the spring. Caterpillars and other bugs often have close, co-evolved relationships with one or a few different tree species, and so diverse forests are critical to providing habitat for them and the species that eat them. 

Invertebrates are also decomposers, turning organic material like wood into soil. Soils are largely biological in nature – their physical and chemical composition a result of being passed through the bodies of countless tiny organisms, transformed by mites, springtails, nematodes, and more. A handful of forest soil may contain thousands of invertebrates of hundreds of different species, not to mention millions or even billions of organisms if you include bacteria, protozoa, algae, and fungi. 

Invertebrates perform a huge number of other essential functions. Some, especially flying insects like flies, beetles, or Vermont’s more than 300 species of native bees, are pollinators, helping more than two-thirds of Vermont’s plant species reproduce. Others, like ants, disperse the seeds of some of our native spring wildflowers. The list goes on. 

Not all is good with bugs in the woods. Some invertebrates are non-native tree pests, like the Emerald Ash Borer (EAB) and Hemlock Wooly Adelgid (HWA). Some non-native bugs which are celebrated in agriculture – the Eurasian honeybee and earthworms – can be problematic in our ecosystems. Non-native invasive plants like honeysuckle, buckthorn, and barberry take over forests, providing habitat for only a tiny fraction of our invertebrates. For many reasons, invertebrates are going extinct at an incredibly fast rate, with as many 100,000 species lost since the 1600s and 40% of known invertebrate species thought to be under threat of extinction. 

Invertebrate habitat is as diverse as they are. They live in rotting wood, in soil, in the leaves and branches of young, healthy trees, and the complex bark of big, old trees. On a large scale, the most important thing we can do for invertebrates is to protect our forests from fragmentation and loss, managing for diverse, intact, connected landscapes. On a smaller scale, we can manage for complex forests, encouraging different sizes, ages, and species of trees while also leaving some big “legacy” trees, dead standing trees, and lots of deadwood on the forest floor, and dealing with biodiversity threats like non-native invasive plants.

Great things come in small packages. As strange as it seems, healthy populations of bugs are critical to the integrity and the resilience of our forests and the beauty and function of our world. 

Ethan Tapper is the Chittenden County Forester for the Vermont Dept. of Forests, Parks, and Recreation. See what he’s been up to at: https://linktr.ee/ChittendenCountyForester 


Note from Bernie, RELATED READING

Read about how leaf litter, and plant debris along with native plantings under trees provide critical shelter and habitat for one or more life cycles of moths, butterflies, and beneficial insects such as bumblebees, fireflies, lacewings, and beetles. Other benefits are improved soil, food for songbirds, and pollinators.

Read more in this illustrated article on Keystone plants and soft landings by Wild Ones Minnesota. ©2021 Heather Holm and Neighborhood Greening. Developed in consultation with Desiree Narango, Ph.D.; artwork by Elsa Cousins.

https://www.pollinatorsnativeplants.com/uploads/1/3/9/1/13913231/softlandingskeystonehandout.pdf

Friday, October 8, 2021

Nature's Art: Moon (and sun) photos

Hear howling at night? 
                             Take a look at these photos to see what all the howling is about.                            

                                                                        Split Moon 


                                                                     Pumpkins in the sky 




                                                        Cradled 


                                                                                      Sun or Moon Solitude


                           Christmas Tree Moon


                                                                      Howling Moon



                                                         Tunnel Moon




                                                Moon over Forest Lake at 
Quimby Cottages in Averill, Vermont




   Man in the dark - on the Moon

Man feeling blue - on the Moon


Steeplechase
           
                                                           



                              Moon bubbling up from the 
                    Community Center in Jericho. 



                                                                                                          Arizona Moon 
                                                                                                                                           (On our stay at Cave Creek Ranch, Portal AZ)


                     Fly to the Moon


                                                               
Blue Moon




                                                  Contorted 




                               Reflections of Sun to Moon


                                                                                                  Far Away 
                                                                                                                     (On our visit to the state of Georgia)


                                                                                                        BULLSEYE




Awakening Moon





Fall, Harvestfest, warm days, cool nights, moon and stars call us out, look up, look about, give the heavens a shout. 

Bernie
For nature is as close to us as we shall ever be to ourselves.